The great northern railroad and the promotion of tourism   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Douglas V. Shaw 《Journal of Cultural Economics》1989,13(1):65-76

  相似文献   

Some correlates of culture shock among American tourists in Africa     

Douglas A. Cort  Michael King 《Int J Intercult Relat》1979,3(2):211-225

The effects on culture shock of prior travel experience, feelings of internal/external control, and intolerance of ambiguity were examined in American tourists to Africa. Participants, 42 members of a university sponsored six week tour of East Africa, ranged widely in age and prior travel experience. Hostility toward Africans, withdrawal from cross cultural contact, and overidentification with America were assessed with ratings by tour leaders and by participant self reports. Prior travel experience does not correlate significantly with culture shock, a finding confounded in this study by age. Older tourists had more prior travel but also experienced greater culture shock. Those less tolerant of ambiguity experienced greater culture shock. Internal/external control feelings did not correlate significantly with culture shock. Combining personality and prior travel in multiple regression did not significantly improve prediction of any of the culture shock manifestations over that of the best single predictor. Results are discussed primarily in terms of differences between the cross cultural experience of tourists and that of other groups in which culture shock has been studied.  相似文献   

Interactive Cross-Language Document Selection     

Douglas W. Oard  Julio Gonzalo  Mark Sanderson  Fernando López-Ostenero  Jianqiang Wang 《Information Retrieval》2004,7(1-2):205-228

The problem of finding documents written in a language that the searcher cannot read is perhaps the most challenging application of cross-language information retrieval technology. In interactive applications, that task involves at least two steps: (1) the machine locates promising documents in a collection that is larger than the searcher could scan, and (2) the searcher recognizes documents relevant to their intended use from among those nominated by the machine. This article presents the results of experiments designed to explore three techniques for supporting interactive relevance assessment: (1) full machine translation, (2) rapid term-by-term translation, and (3) focused phrase translation. Machine translation was found to better support this task than term-by-term translation, and focused phrase translation further improved recall without an adverse effect on precision. The article concludes with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the evaluation framework used in this study and some remarks on implications of these results for future evaluation campaigns.  相似文献   

Racing the Sunset: An Athlete's Quest for Life After Sport By Scott Tinley. Published 2003 by The Lyons Press,Guilford, CT     

Douglas Anderson 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(1):116-118

  相似文献   

Chapter I. Atypical Patterns of Early Attachment: Theory, Research, and Current Directions     

Douglas Barnett  & Joan I. Vondra 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》1999,64(3):1-24

  相似文献   

An extraction apparatus with extractrecovery and solvent-regenerative devices devices     

Lewis C. Karrick  Douglas Gould 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1922,194(4):537-540

  相似文献   

Fluid needs for training and competition in athletics     

Shirreffs SM  Casa DJ  Carter R;International Association of Athletics Federations 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(Z1):S83-S91

The diverse nature of the athletic events, together with the varied training programmes and individuality of athletes taking part, inevitably means that fluid needs are highly variable--between athletes, perhaps between training and competition, and with differing environmental conditions and degree of training and heat acclimatization. There are limited data from athletics on all aspects of fluid balance, but wherever possible we have focused on this information to draw conclusions. When appropriate, euhydration will best be ensured by consuming 6-8 ml . kg body mass(-1) of a sodium-containing fluid, or sodium-free fluid together with food, about 2 h before exercise. The individual sweat responses are so variable that athletes should assess their own individual sweat losses to determine if these are likely to be a cause for concern. The volume of drink that is consumed should never be so much that an athlete gains mass over an event, unless perhaps there is evidence that they began in a hypohydrated state. This may be a particular concern in the field events and multi-event disciplines when competition can be spread over a number of hours and when there are significant rest periods between activities.  相似文献   

Philosophy of Education: An anthology - Edited by Curren, R.     

Douglas J.  Simpson 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2008,40(3):456-459

  相似文献   

What makes a matrix so effective? An empirical test of the relative benefits of signaling, extraction, and localization     

Douglas F. Kauffman  Kenneth A. Kiewra 《Instructional Science》2010,38(6):679-705

What type of display helps students learn the most and why? This study investigated how displays differing in terms of signaling, extraction, and localization impact learning. In Experiment 1, 72 students were assigned randomly to one cell of a 4 × 2 design. Students studied a standard text, a text with key ideas extracted, an outline that localized ideas topically, and a matrix that localized ideas topically and categorically. One version of the displays signaled the displays’ organization and one version did not. The matrix display proved best for facilitating fact and relationship learning because of its ability to localize related information within topics and categories. Simply signaling or extracting text ideas was not helpful. Experiment 2 demonstrated that not all matrices are created equal because they can vary in terms of how information is localized. About 54 students were assigned randomly to one cell of a 2 × 2 design that varied localization of matrix topics and categories. Students studied matrices high or low in topical organization and high or low in categorical organization. Results confirmed that a high, natural ordering of matrix topics is necessary to highlight relationships and bolster relationship and fact learning.  相似文献   

Challenges and promises of overcoming epistemological and methodological partiality: Advancing engineering education through acceptance of diverse ways of knowing   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Elliot P. Douglas  Mirka Koro-Ljungberg  Maura Borrego 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2010,35(3):247-257

The purpose of this paper is to explore some challenges and promises when the epistemological diversity embedded in qualitative research traditions is introduced to research communities with one dominant research paradigm, such as engineering education. Literature is used from other fields and empirical data are used from engineering education, including the practices of the European Journal of Engineering Education and the Journal of Engineering Education, with the expectation that the ideas that are presented are relevant to a broad range of education disciplines. A number of challenges are identified as the epistemological diversity of qualitative research is introduced to the primarily positivist field of engineering education. Ultimately, embracing epistemological diversity holds the promise of researchers being able to ask: ‘What questions and answers become possible from these newly created positions and what can be learned from these alternative approaches?’.  相似文献